Ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwumucuruzi wibyuma
Nkumushinga w’ibicuruzwa binini cyane ku isi, icyifuzo no kwishingira ibicuruzwa biva mu byiciro byose ntibishobora kwirengagizwa.Kuva mu 2002, abacuruzi b'ibyuma, nk'isano nyamukuru y'isoko ryo kuzenguruka mu gihugu, bagize uruhare runini.Ariko mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bwihuse bw’umubare w’abacuruzi b’ibyuma, kuva ku barenga 80.000 muri 2019 kugeza ubu, 2021 yagutse igera ku barenga 100.000, aho abacuruzi 100.000 batwaye 60% -70% by’ubushinwa bwose mukuzenguruka, guhatana mubacuruzi nabyo biriyongera.Muri politiki y’igihugu nka “Kugenzura inshuro ebyiri ikoreshwa ry’ingufu”, “Carbone peak” na “Carbon neutre”, umusaruro w’ibyuma ntuzakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe gito, bityo buri mucuruzi uburyo bwo kugumana umugabane we ku isoko no guhangana n’ibigo mu ubucuruzi buciriritse no guhatana bikaze byahindutse ingingo ikwiye kwitabwaho muri iki gihe.Ibiciro by'ibyuma byahindutse cyane kugeza ubu mu 2021, bigera ku rwego rwo hejuru muri Gicurasi kandi bikubye hafi kabiri kuva muri 2020 biri hasi, bituma habaho isoko ry’ibimasa.Ariko hamwe nogutangiza politiki nkingufu zibiri zo kugenzura ingufu hamwe nu mushinga w’imisoro ku mutungo utimukanwa mu gice cya kabiri cy’umwaka, ibikorwa by’isoko birakomeye, kandi ibiciro by’ibikoresho n’ibyuma biragabanuka kugeza ubu, abacuruzi benshi b’ibyuma mu gice cya mbere y'ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa byazamutse muri "Honeymoon period" ako kanya nyuma yo gutakaza.Niyo mpamvu, Mysteel yakoze iperereza kandi yiga ku nyungu n’ibikorwa by’abacuruzi b’ibyuma n’ingamba zazo zo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’isoko rinini, harimo ibintu nkibiriho muri iki gihe, ihiganwa ry’ibanze ry’inganda, no gucunga no kugenzura ingaruka, ikigamijwe ni ugukora abacuruzi b'ibyuma mubuyobozi buzaza, igenamigambi ryubucuruzi no gucunga ibyago nkibisobanuro.
Ibisubizo by'iperereza n'ubushakashatsi ku mucuruzi w'ibyuma
Ibibazo birenga 2500 byemewe byakusanyirijwe hamwe mu cyumweru cyakorewe ubushakashatsi kuri interineti, bwakozwe hagati yitariki ya 26 na 2021 muri 2021. Benshi mu bacuruzi b’ibyuma barangije ikibazo bari mu burasirazuba n’amajyaruguru y’Ubushinwa, naho abasigaye bari mu Bushinwa. -Afurika yepfo, amajyaruguru yuburengerazuba, uburaruko bushira uburaruko bushira uburengero bushira uburengero Ubushinwa Benshi mumirimo yimyanya yababajijwe ni abayobozi bo murwego rwo hejuru kandi bo murwego rwo hejuru rwibigo byabo;ubwoko bukuru bwibikorwa mubigo byakoreweho ubushakashatsi ni ibyuma byubaka, bingana na 33.9%, naho ubushyuhe nubukonje bingana na 21%, ubundi bwoko nkumuyoboro wibyuma, isahani yo hagati, ibyuma byicyiciro, icyuma gipfundikishije ibyuma, ibyuma byuma nibindi bidasanzwe ibyuma nubwoko butandukanye bwabacuruzi bagize uruhare mubucuruzi.Twabibutsa ko, nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwa Mysteel bubitangaza, ibyuma byubaka bingana na 50% by’abacuruzi b’ibyuma bose mu gihugu.
Ingano yubucuruzi yumwaka yabacuruzi ni toni 0-300.000
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwa Mysteel bubitangaza, abacuruzi b'ibyuma bangana na 50% by'ubucuruzi buri mwaka bwa toni 0-200.000, icyiciro gishobora kwitwa hamwe n'abacuruzi bato n'abaciriritse.Abacuruzi benshi bangana na 20% yubucuruzi bwa buri mwaka bungana na toni 500.000-1,000,000 na toni zirenga 1.000.000, inyinshi muri zo zikaba zishingiye mu burasirazuba bw’Ubushinwa kandi ahanini zikora ibyuma byubaka.Ntabwo bigoye kubona mubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bwisoko ryizunguruka ryicyuma ko isoko ryiburasirazuba bwUbushinwa nkisoko ry’ubucuruzi rishyushye cyane muri kariya karere, kandi kubaka ibyuma bihuye n’imitungo itimukanwa n’inganda n’ibikorwa remezo ubusanzwe bikenera byinshi.
2. Amasezerano yubucuruzi igiciro cyibiciro ashingiye kubiciro byisoko
Nk’uko Mysteel ibibona, icyitegererezo cy’ibiciro by’abacuruzi ku isoko kiracyashingira ku biciro by’isoko.Hariho kandi umubare muto w'abacuruzi bubahiriza cyane ibiciro by'uruganda.Aba bacuruzi bafunga ibiciro hamwe ninganda zibyuma kubwamasezerano, kubihindagurika ryibiciro byisoko bike, byanze bikunze, iki gice cyabacuruzi na Steel Mills nacyo gishobora guhimba, mugiciro cyamasezerano kandi igiciro nyacyo gifite gutandukana kwinshi mugihe hari runaka inkunga.
3. Abacuruzi b'ibyuma barasaba cyane igishoro cyabo
Abacuruzi b'ibyuma bahora basabwa cyane kuburyo bwabo bwo gucuruza.Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwa Mysteel bubitangaza, abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’abacuruzi bakoresha amafaranga arenga 50% y’amafaranga yabo ku byuma, naho icya gatatu kirenga 80%.Mubisanzwe, abacuruzi b'ibyuma usibye gukoresha umubare munini w'igishoro kugeza no gutumiza ibyuma hejuru, ariko kandi no kuba abakiriya bo hasi bateza imbere amafaranga.Ukeneye guteza imbere uburebure bwigihe cyo kwishyura cyabakiriya buratandukanye, mubisanzwe nukuvuga amafaranga yabo ni menshi abadandaza bahagije bemerera abakiriya kwishyura igihe nacyo ni kirekire.
4. Imyitwarire ya banki kubucuruzi bwabacuruzi iragenda ishyuha
Ku bijyanye n’inguzanyo ya banki ku bacuruzi b’ibyuma, amahitamo yo kuzuza ibisabwa byinguzanyo arenga 70% yuburyo bwose bwo guhitamo byinshi, yageze kuri 29%.Hafi ya 29% byigihugu 30% -70% byinguzanyo byujujwe.Ntabwo bigoye kubona ko mu myaka yashize imyifatire ya banki ku bucuruzi bw'abacuruzi yagabanutse.Muri 2013-2015, nyuma y’uruhererekane rw’uruhererekane rw’abacuruzi b’ibyuma mu nganda n’inguzanyo hamwe no gutakaza ubwishingizi bw’inguzanyo hamwe n’ibindi bibazo by’imari, amabanki ku bacuruzi batanga inguzanyo ku ngingo yo hasi.Icyakora, mu myaka ibiri ishize, bitewe n’iterambere ryateye imbere mu bucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa ndetse n’inkunga ikomeye ya Leta ishyigikira iterambere ry’ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse, imyifatire y’amabanki ku bacuruzi yagarutse buhoro buhoro kuva hasi kugeza ku ntera ihamye.
5. Ubucuruzi bwibibanza, ibicuruzwa byinshi hamwe nogutanga serivisi byahindutse inzira nyamukuru yubucuruzi
Duhereye ku bucuruzi bugezweho bw’abacuruzi, ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa byinshi biracyari inzira nyamukuru y’ubucuruzi bw’ibyuma byo mu gihugu, abagera kuri 34% bazakora ubu bwoko bwubucuruzi.Twabibutsa ko abagera kuri 30 ku ijana by'abacuruzi batanga serivisi zita ku isoko, ari na bwo buryo bw'ubucuruzi bwarushijeho kwishora mu myaka yashize kandi binyuze mu buryo burambuye ku bakiriya, bujuje ibyo umukiriya akeneye ku giti cye. , guha abakiriya igishushanyo, amasoko, kubara hamwe na serivise zunganira abacuruzi nabo barakuze.Mubyongeyeho, serivisi zo gutunganya shear nka serivisi zongerewe agaciro, mubucuruzi bwibyuma nibizaza nabyo bigira uruhare runini.Byongeye kandi, serivise yo gutera inkunga tray nkubucuruzi bwibyuma muburyo budasanzwe bwo gutera inkunga, muri rusange, umubare wabacuruzi bashoramari nabo basabwa cyane.
6. Uburyo bwo kubona amakuru kumasoko yuburyo bwuzuzanya
Ibisubizo uko ari bine kubibazo byerekeranye ninkomoko nyamukuru yamakuru yisoko yari afite hejuru ya 20 ku ijana byuzuye, muribo, abacuruzi babona amakuru ako kanya isoko binyuze muburyo bwo kugisha inama no guhana amakuru mubacuruzi.Icya kabiri, ibitekerezo biva muruganda rukora ibyuma hamwe nabakozi bambere nabakiriya nabo birasanzwe.Muri rusange, kubona amakuru yisoko binyuze mumiyoboro inyuranye yuzuzanya, ihujwe numuyoboro rusange wamakuru, bituma abacuruzi babona amakuru agezweho mbere.
Kwica.Inyungu z'abacuruzi muri uyu mwaka zaragabanutse cyane kuva mu myaka ibiri ishize
Urebye imikorere yabacuruzi bicyuma mumyaka itatu ishize, imikorere yabacuruzi muri 2019 na 2020 irashobora kuvugwa ko idashimishije, abarenga 75% byabacuruzi bunguka inyungu mumyaka ibiri ikurikiranye birangira, gusa 6-7 ku ijana by'abacuruzi babuze amafaranga.Ariko kugeza igihe ubushakashatsi burangiye (2 Ukuboza), umubare w’abacuruzi bunguka mu 2021 wagabanutseho hejuru ya 10% ugereranije n’imyaka ibiri ishize.Muri icyo gihe, umubare w’abacuruzi batangaje ko igihombo n’igihombo cyiyongereye, aho 13 ku ijana by’abacuruzi batakaje amafaranga mbere y’icyiciro cya nyuma cy’ibicuruzwa byakemuwe n’inganda mbere yuko umwaka urangira.Muri rusange, urebye izamuka rikabije n’igabanuka ry’ibiciro by’ibyuma muri uyu mwaka ndetse n’itangazwa rya politiki nshya zitandukanye, abacuruzi bamwe ntibafashe ingamba zo kugenzura ingaruka hakiri kare, ku buryo uyu mwaka ibiciro by’ibyuma byagabanutse cyane mu buryo bwihuse igihombo.
8. Abacuruzi bagenzura itandukanyirizo ryibyago bisobanura kugenzura imiterere y'ibarura kandi bishingiye ku bubiko
Mu micungire ya buri munsi y'abacuruzi b'ibyuma, hari ingaruka zitandukanye, ariko kandi nuburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura ingaruka.Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Mysteel bubitangaza, abagera kuri 42% b’abacuruzi bahitamo kugenzura imiterere n’ubunini bw’ibarura kugira ngo bagenzure ingaruka, ubu buryo buterwa ahanini no kureba ihinduka ry’ibiciro by’ibyuma mu gihe gikwiye n’ibisabwa abakiriya bakeneye kugira ngo bagenzure ibyo batumije kandi ububiko kugirango wirinde ingaruka zimwe.Byongeye kandi, abacuruzi bagera kuri 27% bahitamo kwirinda ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro bahuza abakiriya no hasi, kandi abacuruzi nkabunzi basinyana amasezerano byimazeyo, bagasiba urwego rw’ubucuruzi n’igipimo cya komisiyo n’ubundi buryo bwo kwimurira ibyago mu ruganda rukora ibyuma; n'abakiriya bo hasi.Byongeye kandi, hari hafi 16% yubucuruzi buzaba bwishingiwe ninganda zibyuma, igihombo ninganda zibyuma.Muri rusange, kuri Steel Mills, abacuruzi bafite igice gihamye cyumutungo wabakiriya, kandi umusaruro wanyuma wuruganda rwibyuma nkabakora ibicuruzwa kubakiriya bo hasi bisaba abacuruzi kugira uruhare ruhuza hagati, kubwibyo, inganda zimwe zicyuma zizafasha abacuruzi mugihe, kugirango atari kubacuruzi bafite igihombo kinini nyuma yo gusubira inyuma ariko gutakaza umutekano wumutungo wabakiriya.Hanyuma, abagera kuri 13% mubacuruzi bazakiza ejo hazaza hifashishijwe iki gikoresho cyimari kugirango birinde ingaruka runaka, kugirango bagere ku ntego ziteganijwe.Noneho, dufatanije nabacuruzi gakondo, tuzongera amahitamo menshi kumusaruro nubucuruzi bwibigo, bidashobora gusa kwirinda ingaruka zikorwa zizanwa nihindagurika rikabije ryibiciro, ariko kandi bikagabanya igiciro cy’imari y’ibigo no kongera ibicuruzwa byinjira. y'ibicuruzwa byabazwe, kugirango bifashe ibigo kugera ku ntego z'ubucuruzi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-21-2021