1. Ubunyangamugayo ni ishingiro ryinganda zibyuma.
Ntakintu cyingenzi kuri twe kuruta imibereho yabaturage bacu nubuzima bwibidukikije.Aho twakoraga hose, twashora imari ejo hazaza kandi duharanira kubaka isi irambye.Dushoboza societe kuba nziza ishobora kuba.Twumva dufite inshingano;burigihe.Twishimiye kuba ibyuma.
Ibyingenzi:
· Abanyamuryango 73 ba worldsteel bashyize umukono ku masezerano abemerera kuzamura imikorere y’imibereho, ubukungu n’ibidukikije.
· Ibyuma nigice cyingenzi mubukungu buzenguruka buteza imbere imyanda ya zeru, kongera gukoresha umutungo no gutunganya ibicuruzwa, bityo bigafasha kubaka ejo hazaza harambye.
· Icyuma gifasha abantu mugihe cyibiza;umutingito, inkubi y'umuyaga, umwuzure, n'ibindi byago bigabanywa n'ibicuruzwa by'ibyuma.
· Raporo irambye ku rwego rw'isi ni imwe mu mbaraga zikomeye inganda z’ibyuma zikora kugira ngo zicunge imikorere yazo, zigaragaze ko ziyemeje kuramba no kurushaho gukorera mu mucyo.Turi mu nganda nkeya twabikoze kuva 2004.
2. Ubukungu buzira umuze bukenera inganda zibyuma zitanga akazi kandi zitera imbere.
Ibyuma biri hose mubuzima bwacu kubwimpamvu.Ibyuma numufatanyabikorwa ukomeye, akorana nibindi bikoresho byose kugirango ateze imbere iterambere.Ibyuma nishingiro ryimyaka 100 yanyuma yiterambere.Ibyuma bizaba ingenzi kimwe kugirango bikemure ibibazo 100 biri imbere.
Ibyingenzi:
Ikigereranyo cyo gukoresha ibyuma ku isi ku muturage cyiyongereye kuva kuri 150 kg muri 2001 kigera kuri 230 kg muri 2019, bituma isi itera imbere.
· Ibyuma bikoreshwa muri buri nganda zingenzi;ingufu, ubwubatsi, ibinyabiziga no gutwara abantu, ibikorwa remezo, gupakira n'imashini.
· Mu 2050, biteganijwe ko ikoreshwa ry’ibyuma riziyongera hafi 20% ugereranije n’urwego ruriho kugira ngo abaturage bacu biyongere.
· Ikirere gishobora gukorwa nicyuma.Urwego rwimiturire nubwubatsi nirwo rukoresha ibyuma byinshi muri iki gihe, rukoresha ibyuma birenga 50% byakozwe.
3. Abantu bishimira gukora mubyuma.
Ibyuma bitanga akazi gahabwa agaciro kwisi yose, amahugurwa niterambere.Akazi mu byuma kagushyira hagati yimwe mubibazo bikomeye byikoranabuhanga muri iki gihe ufite amahirwe atagereranywa yo kumenya isi.Ntahantu heza ho gukorera kandi ntahantu heza heza kandi heza.
Ibyingenzi:
· Ku isi hose, abantu barenga miliyoni 6 bakora mu nganda zibyuma.
Inganda zibyuma zitanga abakozi amahirwe yo gukomeza amashuri yabo no guteza imbere ubumenyi bwabo, batanga impuzandengo yiminsi 6.89 yamahugurwa kumukozi muri 2019.
Inganda zibyuma ziyemeje intego zakazi zidafite imvune kandi zitegura ubugenzuzi bwumutekano mu nganda kumunsi wumutekano wibyuma buri mwaka.
· Steununiversity, kaminuza ishingiye ku mbuga za interineti itanga uburezi n'amahugurwa ku bakozi b'iki gihe n'abazaza b'amasosiyete akora ibyuma ndetse n'ubucuruzi bujyanye nayo, batanga amahugurwa arenga 30.
· Igipimo cy’imvune ku masaha miliyoni yakoraga cyagabanutseho 82% kuva 2006 kugeza 2019.
4. Ibyuma byita kubaturage.
Twite ku buzima n'imibereho myiza yabantu bakorana natwe kandi badukikije.Ibyuma ni hafi - dukora ku buzima bwabantu kandi tukabatera imbere.Duhanga imirimo, twubaka umuganda, dutwara ubukungu bwaho mugihe kirekire.
Ibyingenzi:
· Muri 2019, inganda zibyuma zingana na miliyari 1.663 USD muri societe itaziguye kandi itaziguye, 98% byinjira.
· Ibigo byinshi byibyuma byubaka imihanda, sisitemu yo gutwara abantu, amashuri nibitaro mubice bikikije ibibanza byabo.
· Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, amasosiyete y'ibyuma akenshi agira uruhare rutaziguye mu itangwa rya serivisi z'ubuvuzi n'uburere ku baturage benshi.
· Bimaze gushingwa, ahakorerwa ibyuma bikora imyaka mirongo, bitanga ihame rirambye mubijyanye nakazi, inyungu zabaturage no kuzamuka kwubukungu.
· Isosiyete ikora ibyuma itanga akazi ninjiza nyinshi yimisoro ifasha abaturage baho bakorera.
5. Ibyuma ni ishingiro ryubukungu bwatsi.
Inganda zibyuma ntizihungabanya inshingano z’ibidukikije.Ibyuma nibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane kwisi kandi birashobora gukoreshwa 100%.Ibyuma ntibihebuje.Twateje imbere tekinoroji yo gukora ibyuma kugeza aho imipaka ya siyanse yonyine igarukira ubushobozi bwacu bwo kwiteza imbere.Dukeneye uburyo bushya bwo gusunika imipaka.Mugihe isi ishakisha ibisubizo byikibazo cyibidukikije, ibyo byose biterwa nicyuma.
Ibyingenzi:
· Amazi agera kuri 90% akoreshwa mu nganda zibyuma arasukurwa, akonje kandi asubizwa isoko.Ibyinshi mu bihombo biterwa no guhumeka.Amazi yasubiye mu nzuzi nandi masoko akenshi aba afite isuku kuruta iyo yakuwe.
· Ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutanga toni yicyuma yagabanutseho 60% mumyaka 50 ishize.
· Ibyuma nibikoresho byongera gukoreshwa cyane kwisi, hamwe na Mt 630 ikoreshwa buri mwaka.
· Muri 2019, Kugarura no gukoresha ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda zikora ibicuruzwa bigeze ku isi hose ku kigero cya 97.49%.
· Ibyuma nibikoresho byingenzi bikoreshwa mugutanga ingufu zishobora kubaho: izuba, umuyaga, geothermal n umuyaga.
6. Buri gihe hariho impamvu nziza yo guhitamo ibyuma.
Ibyuma bigufasha guhitamo ibintu byiza utitaye kubyo ushaka gukora.Ubwiza nubwinshi bwimiterere yabyo bivuze ibyuma burigihe igisubizo.
Ibyingenzi:
· Ibyuma bifite umutekano kubikoresha kuko imbaraga zabyo zirahoraho kandi birashobora gushushanywa kugirango bihangane nimpanuka zikomeye.
· Ibyuma bitanga ubukungu nimbaraga nyinshi kurwego rwo kugereranya ibiro byose byubaka.
· Ibyuma nibikoresho byo guhitamo kubera kuboneka, imbaraga, guhuza byinshi, guhindagurika, hamwe no gukoreshwa.
· Inyubako z'ibyuma zagenewe koroshya guteranya no gusenya, bigatuma ibidukikije bizigama.
· Ibiraro byibyuma byoroheje inshuro enye kugeza umunani kurenza ibyubatswe muri beto.
7. Urashobora kwishingikiriza ku byuma.Twese hamwe dushakira ibisubizo.
Ku nganda zibyuma kwita kubakiriya ntabwo bijyanye no kugenzura ubuziranenge nibicuruzwa mugihe gikwiye nigiciro, ahubwo binongerera agaciro binyuze mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa na serivisi dutanga.Dufatanya nabakiriya bacu kunoza ubwoko bwibyuma n amanota buri gihe, dufasha gukora ibikorwa byabakiriya gukora neza kandi neza.
Ibyingenzi:
Inganda zibyuma zitangaza umurongo ngenderwaho wimbaraga zo hejuru zikoreshwa, zifasha cyane abakora ibinyabiziga kubishyira mubikorwa.
Inganda zibyuma zitanga ibyuma byubuzima bwibicuruzwa 16 byingenzi bifasha abakiriya gusobanukirwa ningaruka rusange yibidukikije kubicuruzwa byabo.
Inganda zibyuma zigira uruhare rugaragara muri gahunda yo gutanga ibyemezo byigihugu ndetse nakarere, bifasha kumenyesha abakiriya no kuzamura urwego rutangwa.
Inganda zibyuma zashora miliyoni zisaga 80 zama euro mu mishinga y’ubushakashatsi mu rwego rw’imodoka zonyine kugira ngo zitange ibisubizo bifatika ku nyubako zihenze kandi zinoze.
8. Ibyuma bifasha udushya.Icyuma ni guhanga, gukoreshwa.
Ibikoresho byibyuma bituma udushya dushoboka, bigatuma ibitekerezo bigerwaho, ibisubizo byabonetse nibishoboka kuba impamo.Ibyuma bituma ubuhanga bwubuhanga bushoboka, kandi bwiza.
Ibyingenzi:
· Ibyuma bishya byoroheje bituma porogaramu zoroha kandi zoroha mugihe zigumana imbaraga zisabwa zisabwa.
· Ibicuruzwa bigezweho byibyuma ntabwo byigeze bihinduka.Kuva mumashusho yimodoka yubwenge kugeza kuri mudasobwa yubuhanga buhanitse, kuva ibikoresho byubuvuzi bigezweho kugeza
satelite igezweho.
· Abubatsi barashobora gukora imiterere cyangwa umwanya wose bifuza kandi ibyuma byububiko birashobora gushushanywa bijyanye nibishushanyo byabo bishya.
· Uburyo bushya kandi bwiza bwo gukora ibyuma bigezweho bivumburwa buri mwaka.Mu 1937, hakenewe toni 83.000 z'ibyuma ku kiraro cya Zahabu, uyu munsi, kimwe cya kabiri cy'ayo mafaranga ni yo yari gukenerwa.
· Kurenga 75% byibyuma bikoreshwa muri iki gihe ntibyabayeho hashize imyaka 20.
9. Reka tuvuge kubyuma.
Twese tuzi ko, kubera uruhare runini, abantu bashishikajwe nicyuma n'ingaruka bigira ku bukungu bw'isi.Twiyemeje gufungura, kuba inyangamugayo no gukorera mu mucyo mu itumanaho ryacu ryose ryerekeye inganda zacu, imikorere yaryo n'ingaruka dufite.
Ibyingenzi:
Inganda zibyuma zitangaza amakuru kubyerekeye umusaruro, ibisabwa n’ubucuruzi ku rwego rw’igihugu ndetse n’isi yose, bikoreshwa mu gusesengura imikorere y’ubukungu no guteganya.
Inganda zibyuma zerekana imikorere irambye hamwe nibipimo 8 kurwego rwisi buri mwaka.
Inganda zibyuma zigira uruhare runini mu nama za OECD, IEA na Loni, zitanga amakuru yose asabwa ku ngingo z’inganda zifite ingaruka kuri sosiyete yacu.
Inganda zibyuma zisangira imikorere yumutekano kandi zikamenya gahunda zumutekano n’ubuzima buri mwaka.
Inganda zibyuma zikusanya amakuru y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, zitanga ibipimo ngenderwaho kugirango inganda zigereranye kandi zitezimbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-19-2021