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Umuyoboro wuzuye
Ibisobanuro ku musaruro:
Diameter yo hanze yumuyoboro wibyuma 12-377
Urukuta rw'icyuma rufite uburebure bwa 2-50
Ibikoresho bisanzwe:
10 # 0.07 ~ 0.13 0.17 ~ 0.37 0.35 ~ 0.65 ≤0.035 ≤0.035
20 # 0.17 ~ 0.23 0.17 ~ 0.37 0.35 ~ 0.65 ≤0.035 ≤0.035
35 # 0.32 ~ 0.39 0.17 ~ 0.37 0.35 ~ 0.65 ≤0.035 ≤0.035
45 # 0.42 ~ 0.50 0.17 ~ 0.37 0.50 ~ 0.80 ≤0.035 ≤0.035
40cr 0.37 ~ 0.44 0.17 ~ 0.37 0.50 ~ 0.80 ≤0.035 ≤0.035 0.08 ~ 1.10
25Mn 0.22 ~ 0.2 0.17 ~ 0.37 0.70 ~ 1.00 ≤0.035 ≤0.035 ≤0.25
37Mn5 0.30 ~ 0.39 0.15 ~ 0.30 1.20 ~ 1.50 ≤0.015 ≤0.020
Iriburiro:
Umuyoboro wubatswe udafite uburinganire nubwoko bwibyuma bisobanutse neza nyuma yo gushushanya ubukonje cyangwa kuzunguruka.Kuberako nta gice cya oxyde kiri kurukuta rwimbere ninyuma rwumuyoboro wibyuma neza, [1] munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi utamenetse, neza cyane, kurangiza cyane, kunama gukonje nta guhindagurika, gucana, gusibanganya nta gucamo nibindi, bikoreshwa cyane cyane kubyara umusaruro wa pneumatike cyangwa hydraulic, nka silinderi cyangwa silinderi, bishobora kuba bidafite ikidodo.Ibigize imiti yigituba idafite uburinganire ni karubone C, silicon Si, manganese Mn, sulfure S, fosifore P, chromium Cr
Umuyoboro wubatswe udafite ubuhanga ukoresha tekinoroji yo gutunganya
Umuyoboro wuburiri utagira kashe utunganywa no kuzunguruka.Kubera guhangayika gusigaye kurwego rwo hejuru, nibyiza gufunga uduce duto duto hejuru no kwirinda kwaguka kw'isuri.Irashobora kunoza kwangirika kwubutaka no gutinza kubyara cyangwa kwaguka kumunaniro wumunaniro, kugirango byongere imbaraga zumunaniro wumuyoboro wibyuma.Mugihe cyo kuzunguruka, hakozwe igicu gikonje gikora hejuru yikizunguruka, bigabanya ihindagurika rya elastike na plastike hejuru yimiterere yabantu basya, bityo bikarushaho kunanirwa kwambara kurukuta rwimbere rwumuyoboro wibyuma no kwirinda gutwikwa. biterwa no gusya.Nyuma yo kuzunguruka, kugabanuka kwubuso burashobora kunoza imitungo ikwiye.
Gutunganya imashini ni ubwoko bwa chip yubusa.Ku bushyuhe busanzwe, guhindura plastike yicyuma bikoreshwa muguhindura microscopique ubukana bwumurimo wakazi kugirango ugere ku ntego yo guhindura imiterere yubuso, imiterere yubukanishi, imiterere nubunini.Kubwibyo, ubu buryo bushobora kugera ku ntego ebyiri zo gusya no gushimangira icyarimwe, kidashobora gukora gusya.
Nuburyo ubwo aribwo buryo bwo gutunganya bwakoreshwa mugutunganya, hazajya habaho convex nziza hamwe nibimenyetso byicyuma bitaringaniye hejuru yibice, hamwe nibintu byimisozi miremire n'ibibaya,
Ihame ryo gutunganya ibizunguruka: Nuburyo bwo gutunganya igitutu, ni ugukoresha ibyuma muburyo bwubushyuhe busanzwe bwimiterere ya plastike ikonje, gukoresha ibikoresho bizunguruka kugirango ugaragaze igitutu runaka hejuru yumurimo, kuburyo icyuma gikora hejuru yicyuma cya plastiki gutemba, kuzuza umwimerere usigaranye umwanda muto, hanyuma ugere kumurimo wubuso bwubusa agaciro kagabanutse.Bitewe no guhindura plastike yicyuma kizengurutse hejuru, ingirabuzimafatizo zo hejuru zirakomera no kunanuka ingano, gushiraho fibre yuzuye, hamwe no gushiraho imitekerereze isigaye, gukomera nimbaraga, bityo bikarushaho kunanirwa kwambara, kurwanya ruswa no guhuza Ubuso.Kuzunguruka nuburyo bwo gutunganya plastike utabanje gukata.
Umuyoboro wubatswe utagira kashe ibyiza byinshi:
1, kunoza ubuso bwubuso, ubukana bushobora kugera kuri Ra≤0.08µ m cyangwa.
2, gukosora neza, elliptique irashobora kuba munsi ya 0.01mm.
3, kunoza ubukana bwubuso, guhindura imbaraga biravaho, gukomera byongera HV≥4 °
4, nyuma yo gutunganya ibice bisigaye bitera imbaraga, ongera imbaraga zumunaniro 30%.
5, kuzamura ireme ryiza, kugabanya kwambara, kongera igihe cyumurimo wibice, ariko igiciro cyo gutunganya ibice kiragabanuka.
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Umuyoboro w'icyuma
Kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa:
Umuyoboro w'icyuma ufite ubunini buringaniye, busobanutse neza, umuyoboro imbere no hanze yarangije kurangira, nyuma yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwumuyoboro wibyuma imbere no hanze yubutaka ntabwo ari firime ya okiside, umuyoboro wibyuma ucana, gusibanganya nta gucamo, gukonja gukonje nta guhindagurika, kandi birashobora kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi. , irashobora gukora ibintu bitandukanye bigoye kandi bigahinduka byimbitse.
Umusaruro wingenzi wibiranga imiyoboro yicyuma: 10 #, 20 #, 35 #, 45 #, 40cr, 42crmo, 16mn, nibindi
Ibisobanuro ku musaruro:
Diameter yo hanze yumuyoboro wibyuma 12-159
Urukuta rw'icyuma rufite uburebure bwa 2-30
Ikoreshwa ryibanze:
Umuyoboro w'icyuma usanzwe ukoreshwa cyane mu binyabiziga, ipikipiki, ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, peteroli, ingufu z'amashanyarazi, amato, icyogajuru, ibyuma, pneumatike, imiyoboro mito n'iciriritse itetse ibyuma bitagira ibyuma hamwe n'indi mirima, birashobora no gukoreshwa ku ntoki z'icyuma, ibyuma , hydraulic, gutunganya imashini nizindi nzego!
Igikorwa cy'umusaruro:
Igikorwa cyo gukora umuyoboro wibyuma neza ni kimwe nu muyoboro usanzwe udafite ikidodo, ni ukuvuga ko hariho uburyo bwa nyuma bwo gutoragura no gukonjesha.
Inzira yicyuma itunganijwe neza
Gushyushya bileti - kugenzura - uruhu - - - gutobora, gutora passivation, gusya - gusiga amavuta yumye - gukonjesha gukonje - kugeza - guca umutwe - kugenzura, kumenyekanisha, gupakira ibicuruzwa byuzuye
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10 # Umuyoboro udafite icyuma
Ibisobanuro ku musaruro:
Diameter yo hanze y'umuyoboro w'icyuma 20-426
Urukuta rw'icyuma rufite uburebure bwa 20-426
Ibigize imiti:
● No 10 ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bigize imiti:
Carbone C: 0.07 ~ 0.14 ″ silicon Si: 0.17 ~ 0.37 Manganese Mn: 0.35 ~ 0.65 Amazi ya S: ≤0.04 Fosifore P: ≤0.35 chromium Cr: ≤0.15 Nickel Ni: ≤0.25 Umuringa Cu: ≤0.25
Umutungo wa mashini:
Ibikoresho bya mashini ya No 10 umuyoboro wicyuma udafite ikidodo: Imbaraga zingutu σb (MPa): ≥410 (42) Imbaraga zitanga umusaruro σs (MPa): ≥245 (25) kurambura δ5 (%): ≥25 kugabanya igice (%): ≥5 , ubukana: budashyushye, ≤156HB, ingano yicyitegererezo: 25mm.
Ibyuma byiza bya karubone byubatswe:
No 10 umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite kashe ntukubiyemo ibindi bintu bivanze (usibye ibintu bisigaye) usibye karubone (C) hamwe na silikoni (Si) yo kwangiza (muri rusange ntabwo irenga 0,40%), manganese (Mn) (muri rusange ntabwo hejuru ya 0,80%, kugeza kuri 1.20%) ibintu bivanze.
Ibyuma nkibi bigomba kuba bifite imiterere yimiti hamwe nubukanishi.Ibiri muri sulfure (S) na fosifore (P) bigenzurwa munsi ya 0.035%.Niba igenzuwe munsi ya 0.030%, yitwa ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge, kandi "A" igomba kongerwaho nyuma yamanota, nka 20A;Niba P iyobowe munsi ya 0.025% na S igenzurwa munsi ya 0.020%, byitwa ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge, kandi "E" igomba kongerwaho nyuma y amanota kugirango yerekane itandukaniro.Kubindi bintu bisigaye bivanga byazanwe mubyuma nibikoresho fatizo, nka chromium (Cr), nikel (Ni), umuringa (Cu), nibindi, ibikubiye muri Cr≤0.25%, Ni≤0.30%, Cu≤0.25%.Ibiranga bimwe bya manganese (Mn) bigera kuri 1.40%, bizwi nkicyuma cya manganese.
No 10 ibyuma bidafite uburemere bwo kubara uburemere: [(diameter yo hanze - uburebure bwurukuta) * uburebure bwurukuta] * 0.02466 = kg / m (uburemere kuri metero)
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Q345B Umuyoboro utagira ikizinga
Ibisobanuro ku musaruro:
Diameter yo hanze y'umuyoboro w'icyuma 20-426
Urukuta rw'icyuma rufite uburebure bwa 20-426
Ibintu nyamukuru biranga:
Ibikoresho byiza byubukanishi, gusudira, ubukonje, ibikorwa bishyushye hamwe no kurwanya ruswa, hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwo hasi
Gusaba ibicuruzwa:
Amato, amashyiga, ibikoresho byumuvuduko, ibigega byo kubika amavuta, Ikiraro, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, imashini zizamura nizindi nzego zo gusudira zifite imitwaro myinshi
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35CrMo kuvanga ibyuma
Ibisobanuro ku musaruro:
Diameter yo hanze y'umuyoboro w'icyuma 20-426
Urukuta rw'icyuma rufite uburebure bwa 20-426
Kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa:
Kurugero, 40Cr..
Ibintu nyamukuru bivanga mubyuma, usibye ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya microalloying, mubisanzwe bigaragazwa nijana kwijana.Iyo impuzandengo ya alloy ibirimo iri munsi ya 1.5%, gusa ikimenyetso cyibintu kigaragara muri numero yicyuma, ariko ntabwo kirimo.Ariko, mubihe bidasanzwe, biroroshye kwitiranya, umubare "1 ″ urashobora gushyirwaho ikimenyetso nyuma yikimenyetso cyibintu, nkumubare wibyuma" 12CrMoV "na" 12Cr1MoV ", chromium yibya mbere ni 0.4-0,6%, naho ibya nyuma ni 0.9-1.2%.Ibindi byose ni bimwe.Mugihe impuzandengo ivanze yibigize ≥1.5%, ≥2.5%, ≥3.5% …… “, ikimenyetso cyibintu kigomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso nyuma yibirimo, gishobora kugaragazwa nka 2, 3, 4 …… Ibikurikira, 18Cr2Ni4WA.
Ibintu bivanze nka vanadium V, titanium Ti, aluminium AL, boron B hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe RE mubyuma nibintu bya microalloying.Nubwo ibirimo ari bike cyane, bigomba gukomeza gushyirwaho nimero yicyuma.Kurugero, muri 20MnVB ibyuma.Vanadium ni 0.07-0.12% na boron ni 0.001-0.005%.
A “A” igomba kongerwaho nyuma yumubare wibyuma byo murwego rwohejuru kugirango itandukane nicyuma rusange cyiza cyane.
Intego idasanzwe ivanze ibyuma byubatswe, nimero yicyuma prefix (cyangwa umugereka) byerekana intego yikimenyetso.Kurugero, ibyuma 30CrMnSi bikoreshwa byumwihariko mugukoresha imigozi bigaragazwa nka ML30CrMnSi.
Alloy tube na trubless tube byombi bifitanye isano nibitandukaniro, ntibishobora kwitiranya.
Umuyoboro wa Alloy ni umuyoboro wibyuma ukurikije ibikoresho byakozwe (ni ukuvuga ibikoresho) kugirango bisobanurwe, nkuko izina ribigaragaza bikozwe mu miyoboro ivanze;Umuyoboro udafite icyerekezo ni umuyoboro wibyuma ukurikije uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro (bidafite icyerekezo) kugirango bisobanurwe, bitandukanye nu muyoboro udafite uburinganire ni umuyoboro usudira, harimo umuyoboro usudira hamwe nu muyoboro uzunguruka.
Ikoranabuhanga mu gukora:
1 → ububiko
2 ikizamini cya hydrostatike (ubugenzuzi) → ikimenyetso → ububiko
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30CrMo umuyoboro wibyuma
Ibisobanuro ku musaruro:
Diameter yo hanze y'umuyoboro w'icyuma 20-426
Urukuta rw'icyuma rufite uburebure bwa 20-426
Kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa:
Imibare ibiri mugitangiriro cyumubare wibyuma yerekana karubone yibyuma, hamwe nimpuzandengo ya karubone yibihumbi bike, nka 40Cr, 30CrMo umuyoboro wibyuma
Ibintu nyamukuru bivanga mubyuma, usibye ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya microalloying, mubisanzwe bigaragazwa nijana kwijana.Iyo impuzandengo ya alloy ibirimo iri munsi ya 1.5%, gusa ikimenyetso cyibintu kigaragara muri numero yicyuma, ariko ntabwo kirimo.Ariko, mubihe bidasanzwe, biroroshye kwitiranya, umubare "1 ″ urashobora gushyirwaho ikimenyetso nyuma yikimenyetso cyibintu, nkumubare wibyuma" 12CrMoV "na" 12Cr1MoV ", chromium yibya mbere ni 0.4-0,6%, naho ibya nyuma ni 0.9-1.2%.Ibindi byose ni bimwe.Mugihe impuzandengo ivanze yibigize ≥1.5%, ≥2.5%, ≥3.5% …… “, ikimenyetso cyibintu kigomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso nyuma yibirimo, gishobora kugaragazwa nka 2, 3, 4 …… Ibikurikira, 18Cr2Ni4WA.
Ibintu bivanze nka vanadium V, titanium Ti, aluminium AL, boron B hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe RE mubyuma nibintu bya microalloying.Nubwo ibirimo ari bike cyane, bigomba gukomeza gushyirwaho nimero yicyuma.Kurugero, muri 20MnVB ibyuma.Vanadium ni 0.07-0.12% na boron ni 0.001-0.005%.
A “A” igomba kongerwaho nyuma yumubare wibyuma byo murwego rwohejuru kugirango itandukane nicyuma rusange cyiza cyane.
Intego idasanzwe ivanze ibyuma byubatswe, nimero yicyuma prefix (cyangwa umugereka) byerekana intego yikimenyetso.Kurugero, ibyuma 30CrMnSi bikoreshwa byumwihariko mugukoresha imigozi bigaragazwa nka ML30CrMnSi.
Ikoranabuhanga mu gukora:
1 → ububiko
2 ikizamini cya hydrostatike (ubugenzuzi) → ikimenyetso → ububiko
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42crmo Umuyoboro udafite ibyuma
Ibisobanuro ku musaruro:
Diameter yo hanze y'umuyoboro w'icyuma 20-426
Urukuta rw'icyuma rufite uburebure bwa 20-426
Kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa:
Intego ya 42crmo idafite umuyoboro wicyuma: ibyuma bidasanzwe byikiraro ni "42crmo", ibyuma bidasanzwe byo gukingira imodoka ni "42CRmo", ibyuma bidasanzwe byubwato ni "42Crmo".Ubu bwoko bwibyuma nugushingira kumahinduka ya karubone (C) kugirango tunoze imiterere yubukanishi bwibyuma, kubwibyo, ukurikije ibirimo bya karubone biri hejuru kandi biri hasi, ubu bwoko bwibyuma bushobora kugabanywamo: ibyuma bya karubone bike - karubone ibirimo muri rusange biri munsi ya 0,25%, nka 10, 20 ibyuma, nibindi.;Icyuma giciriritse giciriritse - ibirimo karubone muri rusange biri hagati ya 0,25 ~ 0,60%, nka 35, 45 ibyuma, nibindi.Ibyuma nkibi ntibisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora imiyoboro yicyuma.
Ibisobanuro birambuye:
Ibisobanuro bishyushye byo gukora
Ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya 1150 ~ 1200 ° C, gutangira ubushyuhe 1130 ~ 1180 ° C, ubushyuhe bwanyuma> 850 ° C, φ> 50mm, gukonja buhoro.
Guhindura ibisobanuro
Ubusanzwe ubushyuhe 850 ~ 900 ° C, bivuye mu ziko imbeho ikonje.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burambuye
Ubushyuhe bukabije 680 ~ 700 ° C, bivuye mu ziko imbeho ikonje.
Ibisobanuro byo kuzimya no kurakara
Gushyushya ubushyuhe 680 ~ 700 ° C, kuzimya ubushyuhe 840 ~ 880 ° C, gukonjesha amavuta, ubushyuhe bwa 580 ° C, gukonjesha amazi cyangwa gukonjesha amavuta, ubukana ≤217HBW.
Ibisobanuro byo gukomera no gukomera munsi - kuzimya ubushyuhe
Kuzimya ubushyuhe 900 ° C, ubushyuhe 560 ° C, ubukana (37 ± 1) HRC
Ibisobanuro bya induction gukomera no kurakara
Kuzimya ubushyuhe 900 ° C, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru 150 ~ 180 ° C, ubukana 54 ~ 60HRC.
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45 # Umuyoboro udafite icyuma
Ibisobanuro ku musaruro:
Diameter yo hanze y'umuyoboro w'icyuma 20-426
Urukuta rw'icyuma rufite uburebure bwa 20-426
Kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa:
Ibikoresho fatizo bizunguruka bitagira umupaka ni uruziga ruzengurutse, urusoro ruzengurutse urusoro rucibwa kandi rutunganywa hakoreshejwe imashini ikata imikurire ya metero 1 yubusa, ikoherezwa mu itanura no gushyushya umukandara.Fagitire igaburirwa mu itanura kandi igashyuha kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 1200.Amavuta ni hydrogen cyangwa acetylene.Kugenzura ubushyuhe mu itanura nikibazo cyingenzi.Nyuma yo kuzenguruka umuyoboro wa billet usohotse, isobekeranye nigitutu.Mubisanzwe, perforator ikunze kugaragara ni conical roll perforator.Ubu bwoko bwa perforator bufite umusaruro mwinshi, ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, diameter nini ya perfora kandi irashobora kwambara ibyuma bitandukanye.Nyuma yo gutobora, bilet izenguruka izunguruka ikurikiranye na diagonal eshatu ndende, ikomeza kuzunguruka cyangwa gusohora.Nyuma yo gukuramo, umuyoboro ugomba gukurwaho kugirango ubunini.Caliper izunguruka mu isoro ry'icyuma binyuze mu myitozo ya conique ku muvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo ikubite umwobo kandi ikore imiyoboro y'ibyuma.Diameter y'imbere y'umuyoboro w'icyuma ugenwa n'uburebure bwa diameter yo hanze ya Caliper drill bit.Nyuma yo gupima umuyoboro wibyuma, winjira muminara ikonjesha hanyuma ukonjeshwa no gutera amazi.Nyuma yo gukonjesha umuyoboro wibyuma, bizagororwa.Nyuma yo kugorora, umuyoboro wibyuma woherezwa numukandara wa convoyeur kumashini igenzura ibyuma (cyangwa ikizamini cya hydraulic) kugirango igenzurwe imbere.Niba hari ibice, ibituba nibindi bibazo imbere yumuyoboro wibyuma, bizamenyekana.Kugenzura ubuziranenge bwicyuma nyuma yo gutoranya intoki.Umuyoboro wibyuma umaze kugenzurwa, umubare, ibisobanuro hamwe numubare wibyakozwe byatewe irangi.Na crane mu bubiko.
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40cr umuyoboro wicyuma
Ibisobanuro ku musaruro:
Diameter yo hanze y'umuyoboro w'icyuma 20-426
Urukuta rw'icyuma rufite uburebure bwa 20-426
Umuyoboro w'icyuma:
Ukurikije GB / T 3077-2008: ibigize imiti (igice kinini,%) C 0.37 ~ 0.44, Si 0.17 ~ 0.37, Mn 0.50 ~ 0.80, Cr0.80 ~ 1.10, Ni≤0.30.Properties Ibikoresho bya mashini】
Ingero yubusa (mm): 25
Kuvura ubushyuhe:
Kuzimya ubushyuhe bwa mbere (℃): 850;Coolant: Amavuta
Ubushyuhe bwa kabiri bwo kuzimya ubushyuhe (℃): -
Ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya ubushyuhe (℃): 520;Coolant: amazi, amavuta
Imbaraga zingana (σb / MPa): ≧ 980
Gutanga umusaruro (σs / MPa): ≧ 785
Kurambura nyuma yo kumena (δ5 /%): ≧ 9
Igipimo cyo kugabanya ibice (ψ /%): ≧ 45
Igikorwa cyo gukuramo ingaruka (Aku2 / J): ≧ 47
Gukomera kwa Brinell (HBS100 / 3000) (imiterere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru): ≦ 207
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20 # Umuyoboro udafite icyuma
Ibisobanuro ku musaruro ：
Diameter yo hanze y'umuyoboro w'icyuma 20-426
Urukuta rw'icyuma rufite uburebure bwa 20-426
20 # umuyoboro wicyuma udafite icyerekezo gikozwe muri 20 # ibyuma, bifite imbaraga zisumba gato 15 #, ntibikunze kuzimya kandi nta n'ubushyuhe bukabije.Ubukonje bwo guhindura ubukonje buri hejuru, muri rusange kubunama, kalendari, kunama no gutunganya inyundo, imikorere yo gusudira yo gusudira arc no gusudira ni byiza, ubunini bwo gusudira gazi ni buto, imiterere y'ibisabwa bikomeye cyangwa imiterere igoye y'akazi biroroshye gucika .Imashini ikonje ishushanya cyangwa ibisanzwe leta iruta annealing leta, mubisanzwe ikoreshwa mugukora stress nke hamwe nuburemere bukabije bwibikorwa byakazi.
Ibikoresho bya 20 # ibyuma bidafite icyuma ni: ibyuma byiza bya karubone byubaka
Umubare wikirango: 20 #
Bisanzwe: GB8162-2018
GB / T8163-2018
GB3087-2008
GB9948-2013
GB5310-2017
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3087 Umuvuduko muke wa boiler
Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ikizinga ni ubwoko bw'icyuma kizengurutse, kare kandi gifite urukiramende gifite igice cyuzuye kandi ntaho bihurira n'umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma cyangwa umuyoboro ukomeye wambaye ubusa, hanyuma ugahita ushushe, ukonje ukonje cyangwa ushushanyije Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite icyuma ufite a igice cyo kugenzura hagati kandi gikoreshwa cyane nkumuyoboro wo gutanga amazi.Ugereranije nicyuma gikomeye nkicyuma kizengurutse, umuyoboro wicyuma ufite imbaraga zingana kandi zingana kandi ziroroshye.Nicyuma cyubukungu.Ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice byubatswe nibice byubukanishi, nkumuyoboro wamavuta ya peteroli, shitingi yohereza ibinyabiziga, ikinga ryamagare numuyoboro wibyuma bikoreshwa mubwubatsi
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Urukuta runini rwa diametre urukuta rutagira umuringa
Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ikizinga ni ubwoko bw'icyuma kizengurutse, kare kandi gifite urukiramende gifite igice cyuzuye kandi ntaho bihurira n'umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma cyangwa umuyoboro ukomeye wambaye ubusa, hanyuma ugahita ushushe, ukonje ukonje cyangwa ushushanyije Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite icyuma ufite a igice cyo kugenzura hagati kandi gikoreshwa cyane nkumuyoboro wo gutanga amazi.Ugereranije nicyuma gikomeye nkicyuma kizengurutse, umuyoboro wicyuma ufite imbaraga zingana kandi zingana kandi ziroroshye.Nicyuma cyubukungu.Ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibice byubatswe nibice byubukanishi, nkumuyoboro wamavuta ya peteroli, shitingi yohereza ibinyabiziga, ikinga ryamagare numuyoboro wibyuma bikoreshwa mubwubatsi
